Dan Anziska, Coby Beck, Bill Derasmo, and Danielle Spalding discuss the importance of battery recycling and building a strong battery supply chain, highlighting the growing demand for energy storage.
In this episode, guest hosts Dan Anziska and Coby Beck join Bill Derasmo for an interview with Danielle Spalding, vice president of communications and public affairs at Cirba Solutions. Spalding discusses the importance of battery recycling and building a strong battery supply chain, highlighting the growing demand for energy storage. The group explores the incentives available in the U.S. to support domestic battery manufacturing and recycling, including the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the Inflation Reduction Act, and various tax credits and tariffs. Listen in to hear more about Cirba Solutions' commitment to supporting sustainable battery infrastructure.
Battery + Storage Podcast — A Voltage Voyage With Danielle Spalding, Cirba Solutions
Host: Bill Derasmo
Guest Hosts: Dan Anziska and Coby Beck
Guest: Danielle Spalding
Recorded: May 2, 2025
Aired: May 27, 2025
Bill Derasmo:
Hello, and welcome back to the Troutman Pepper Locke Battery + Storage Podcast. I am your usual host, Bill Derasmo. But today, I am very pleased to hand off the hosting duties to my colleagues, Coby Beck, Dan Anziska, both partners at our law firm. Coby and Dan will be interviewing Danielle Spalding, the Vice President of Communications of Public Affairs at Cirba Solutions. Coby and Dan, the floor is yours.
Coby Beck:
Yeah, thank you so much, Bill. Danielle, we're thrilled to have you here today. We appreciate it.
Danielle Spalding:
Thanks for having me.
Coby Beck:
It would be great if you could first, maybe give us a little background on Cirba.
Danielle Spalding:
Cirba Solutions has actually been around for more than 30 years. We are a battery cycling materials company. What we do is we actually collect, transport and then process end-of-life, or scrap batteries to extract the critical materials, to put them back into, basically, making new batteries. We've got six operational facilities throughout North America with a seventh opening up. What makes us unique, not just because we've got the largest operational footprint, but also, because we handle all battery formats, sizes and chemistries.
Dan Anziska:
As a fellow battery nerd, why don't we jump into, Danielle, the different formats that you've generally been working with over the past decade?
Danielle Spalding:
Wow. First, I love the term ‘battery nerd’. Thank you for that. I will absolutely adopt that term. As another battery nerd, Cirba Solutions handles everything from the standard battery you find in your household, like alkaline batteries. We handle lead acid batteries, which is a standard, what you find in your car, anywhere to lithium-ion batteries, which is often the most talked about chemistry, I think, very much in today's world that you'll find in for rechargeable batteries. Plus, nickel metal hydride, NiCad. I mean, we even process lithium primary, or metal batteries. We do handle such a wide range of things.
I think what's so amazing is that batteries have this ability to provide value beyond their initial use and at end of life that not everyone realizes. Talking about batteries, as a battery nerd, is something that I love to do, because they're essential to truly building a secure, a resilient and a sustainable energy storage ecosystem and really, a strong battery supply chain.
Dan Anziska:
Right. It's fair to say, if you use a cellphone, you need a battery. If you use a computer, you need a battery.
Danielle Spalding:
We are talking today and I have, let's see here. I've got a wireless mouse, got my cellphone, wireless earbuds, laptop, a watch, right? I drove here in a vehicle. You name it, a battery exists in our every day, whether it's smoke detectors, hearing aids, all the way through to what telecommunications, medical equipment. Batteries truly help drive our every day. It is an enabler in our ability to connect as well. Whether you're a remote team member, whether you're in the office, but batteries help really ensure that we can provide something that is, I would say, powerful, if you will, as a good pun.
Dan Anziska:
Danielle, a lot of times on this podcast, we've had guests that have focused on the EV side, we've had guests that have focused on the grid scale side. I think in 2024, we had 24 gigawatts, I believe, the EIA estimate on grid scale installations for battery storage, best units on the bulk power system. As that effort scales up, and it's a critical effort, because we were adding lots of renewables onto the system, and we want to firm up, so to speak, those renewables, talk about the importance of Cirba, the second-life applications, or just recycling all of it, because it's a huge effort to scale this up.
Danielle Spalding:
Yes, it is. Let's talk about one, Cirba Solutions, we handle, we mentioned all formats. We’re going to talk about battery energy storage systems. Let's talk about electric vehicles. Let's talk about any type of battery that's going to power this every day. But if we just focus, right, on energy storage, then right now, globally, believe it or not, when you think about it, especially from a recycling bay perspective, energy storage batteries are generally recycled by about 79% today. Let's round it up to 80%, just to give them the extra percent. We're still finding that there's a significant, almost 20% being landfilled, and there's a small percentage, two or three that are being stockpiled.
Now, we don't see these numbers as high in electric vehicles yet. We hope to, right? That's the end goal. We can talk about, because lead acid has really been the uninterrupted power supply battery chemistry for so long. It really is something where the lead acid battery is a great example of something that's recycled at almost 100% today in the US and clearly highly recycled globally. With the lithium-ion battery in energy storage demand, we're finding that the gigawatt hours today is almost 225 gigawatts today. That's going to double by 2027. It's going to quadruple by 2029. We are finding that energy storage is absolutely important and batteries are set to play a real pivotal role in supporting that rapid expansion, specifically in the US data center section.
When we think about AI and the increased workload, if you will, or processing capacity that we're going to have to have, you need to ensure that you're providing power that's reliable, that's resilient. You have to reduce operational costs, which means electrical. The electricity prices can vary through the days. You want something that's going to be able to store and then use as needed. You want to make sure that there's a grid infrastructure. You want to make sure that you can look at the advancements in technology as well and how it's going to help the storage. I can go on and on, of course, clearly about this topic. But let's see as we look at this grid storage how you see it affecting us every day, because batteries are going to help power that rapid growth.
Dan Anziska:
It sounds like, you're already engaged in recycling with the amine batteries, including the large-scale format, including LMFP chemistry. Is that right?
Danielle Spalding:
Yes. We actually process and it's always great. I can always expand the intro to be two sentences, or I can be on it for 20 minutes. We only have so much time. I like to get into the good stuff. I think that with Cirba Solutions, what we do is we actually process – we're actually, I'm talking from you today is we process alkaline batteries, which is the most common household battery today. I'd love to get into what that looks like. But also, we focus, we process lithium metal and primary, which I mentioned earlier, but lithium-ion, the big behemoth of conversation and the headlines. We actually process that out of our Ohio facility today.
We are the first to receive a grant funding from the department of energy. We've been producing and processing lithium-ion batteries, both end of life and scrap at commercial scale since 2015 to what most people call black mass. We are expanding that particular site. We've already expanded capacity by 300% at the end of last year. We'll expand another 300% this year. Then that site's going to then go into what we call hydrometallurgical processing, which is really the end goal, which is getting the critical materials refined for us that's going to go to sulfates. Then our South Carolina facility will also be processing end of life and scrap lithium-ion batteries. Yes, we can take LFP batteries, a good lithium-ion phosphate, which I think we're seeing as a chemistry being more adopted in the battery storage space.
Bill Derasmo:
When you, when you talk about black mass, just for our audience, maybe walk through with.
Coby Beck:
I mean, that's literally after the battery is done working, you take it out, but all the good stuff is in there. You've got nickel, cobalt, lithium, etc.
Danielle Spalding:
I actually think you did a great already definition. Now, now. Black mass, it's a common terminology within the market. Often, it's seen as a almost black powder, or cake-ish material. It has what we really see in the cathode side of the battery, right? You've got the anode and cathode are the two major sides of the battery. We focus on the cathode side. That's exactly right. You've got the lithium, the cobalt, the nickel, manganese, all of the critical minerals that we're talking about and seen as pivotal parts of the supply chain and needed to increase, basically, what we are seeing trajectory of demand within the market. Because not only with the gigawatt increase that we've talked about already, but these batteries, as you mentioned, are going to power toothbrushes, cellphones, computers, right?
When you open up a card that makes music, there’s a battery in it. You think about the different headbands that people wear at holidays, that light up, think about the ugly sweater that you wear during the holidays. If it lights up, there's a battery in it. Batteries are literally being integrated. Then, what we were able to do is get the batteries from all of those random devices and fabrics. Then, we take them, we extract by shredding. Then you've got, basically, a sink float that separates out the materials. You do some refinement and you end up really with this beautiful black powdery material of the good stuff. Then, that's what we were finding with the hydrometallurgical process that's going to be implemented here domestically.
Dan Anziska:
Who are your customers on the front end and then maybe on the back end? In other words, who are the people who you're taking the spent batteries from, working your magic? Then who would you sell these incredibly valuable minerals, or element? Who would you sell that off to on the back end?
Coby Beck:
Right. Types. Obviously, we're not asking for specifics. I mean, if you don't want – We don’t have to know your secret sauce. We're happy to take it, Danielle.
Dan Anziska:
Yeah, yeah. No, the customer classes.
Coby Beck:
Yeah. The types of suppliers, the collection and the off-tay type.
Danielle Spalding:
We get this question all the time. The first response I'll say is, how do we collect material? Well, we talked about it from a large format battery, energy storage, electric vehicles, that's going to come from – from the end-of-life side, you're going to deal with auto scrap teams, dealerships. All these different range of where vehicles are then going to go. You're going to deal in production scrap, right? Believe it or not, that's still an upstream side. You're going to get that from gigafactories. You're going to get that from automotive manufacturers, because you have to be so specific when you put a battery into an actual pack. Or, let's say, you've got to put this cell into the module, when the module goes into the EV battery pack. All of that has to be just precise. If it's not, then that needs to get scrapped and then put again, because you don't want to put, basically, an imperfect pack right into your vehicle.
Then at the gigafactory level, where they're making a lot of these battery cells, again, all of that has to be the same. We're getting it from automotive manufacturers, gigafactory scrap. We're also getting it on the small format, AA, AAA, that kind of thing, from municipalities, environmental service companies. We're also looking at this from retailers that do collections. I'll give an example, like a batteries plus.
On the off side, after we then take those materials in, process them, extract the materials, you're going to have steel, go back to steel mills, right? Easy example. Then, we're going to send our material right now, goes for refinement. We focus as much as we can always in North America to have that refined, so it can be used back domestically. Then eventually, what we're very happy to say is is that when we refine our material to sulfates, that's going to go to PCAM, or CAM, so cathode active materials, or precursor cathode active materials, which is again, the cathode side of the battery. That's really where the secret sauce comes in for a lot of these battery manufacturers.
Dan Anziska:
Are you telling me when I go to my Fairfax County rec center and there's a little receptacle for spent batteries, that Fairfax County could take those batteries and sell them to you? Then you work your magic and away you go.
Danielle Spalding:
I'm going to say one thing on that. The answer is one, it is highly likely that that battery has made its way to me. But there is a misconception also in the market that we might purchase material, or you might have to pay for that material to be taken. At the end of the day, those materials are going to have to be sorted, right? Transported, stored, and then processed. There is a lot of actual steps that people don't recognize for batteries when they're going to be handled end of life. The answer is yes. It is a high likelihood that we're going to see those, because we have the largest sorter of post-consumer batteries in North America. Also, I think that what our goal is is to help make batteries likely more accessible in general.
Coby Beck:
Danielle, what is the biggest obstacle in terms of getting the percentage of overall batteries recycled? Is it on the collection side, because they're coming from such a diverse, like you said, the Christmas sweaters to the car batteries, all the different products? Or is it on the other side of the equation?
Danielle Spalding:
What I would often say to that question is it's a little bit twofold. One, it's going to start with education, first and foremost. Because consumers generally still do not know that batteries, one, are actually recycled. But then two, where to recycle? If we can get those first two things right out as understood within the general market, very important, because even those that know how to recycle, they don't know where. I think on the other side of that, and that's usually what we would call in the small format battery, or medium format battery, like a e-mobility.
For the large format batteries in again, batteries and storage, right? On the storage side, a lot of it will come down to those that are handling the particular data centers, or UPS, particular locations. Then on other types of large format, it could be the producer that is aiming to provide collection programs, because of the high content now of those critical minerals, that they're going to provide services and offerings of locations, because they want those materials back on their supply chain, right?
It took a lot of effort, when we really think about this, to get a battery, you're going to have to travel tens of thousands of miles for those materials. Let's just say, something's coming from Australia to be extracted. It goes to China to be refined. It goes to South Korea for additional input and that, then it’s got to go back and over to where the gigafactory is for cell manufacturing. These batteries, our goal is you can reduce transportation, you can increase jobs, you can increase economic impact to local communities, which means more base tax sales for local communities, for states, and then generally, for the country to help increase this and the US can be a competitor in critical mineral supply chain.
Coby Beck:
Let's talk about, I guess, the elephant in every room right now is you're talking about this critical role of domestication, of supply chain and inputs into batteries, and it's no secret that Asia, particularly China, have dominated much more lithium ion than lead acid battery production. Can you tell our audience a bit about, let's call them the incentives currently in place in the United States to help support domestication? Then I'll have a follow up, but I think it's helpful for you to explain the state applied.
Danielle Spalding:
There are a lot of incentives available today. I think the first real change we saw was in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. IIJA, often, as it's referenced. That came out with a funding boom, because it identified the need to increase domestic manufacturing in key sectors such as batteries. The second thing that happened was the Inflation Reduction Act, which not only provided tax incentives, such as things like, 30D is often talked about. I should note for all of those listening that all of these things can change at any time, but 30D was helped to support domestic content and to hopefully, also provide the consumer another incentive for purchase of things, like electric vehicle.
On the other side, what the IRA, or the Inflation Reduction Act did was provided things for production tax credits. That was showing that it's not just about the initial investment to get the actual project in the ground, but we want to see long-term sustained and stable production of these critical minerals domestically. Now, on the other side of that, a lot of this is also coming about, because China controls about 70% of the global rare earth mining in general in a staggering 85% to 90% of refining and processing.
Now, when I say that, it doesn't mean that you're mining everything in China, but their diversified portfolio in mining that exists today is enormous. They also have 70% of the global capacity for battery cathodes and 70% of lithium-ion cells. You think of nickel and lithium and manganese and cobalt that we've talked about, and we know nickel, a metal used in so many applications, not just batteries, but definitely in batteries today. Indonesia produces 50% of the world's nickel roughly, right? I think that number is from 2023, but it's still pretty big today.
Now, China produced the seventh most. I think it was 3% of the world's supply. With their investments and Indonesian nickel mining operations, for example, China then imports the majority of that nickel, process it, and then provides, basically, 70% of the world's processed nickel. The key is their processing, or the refining part, because that's what these cathode producers need in order then to help with the creation of the batteries.
Our goal is to help provide a stronger global competitive position for United States in critical minerals that obviously go into batteries, but allow us to have more resilient supplies that have less geopolitical constraints put on them.
Coby Beck:
Okay. Getting to brass tax, Danielle. They'll be, the Department of Energy loan and grant programs help domesticate battery and battery component and rarer refining and processing types of facilities, or factories, for lack of a better word. The 30D is the consumer tax credit with respect to purchasing, complying EVs, but 45X, which I think you were talking about the PTC, the Production Tax Credit is the big one, because that goes to entities like yourself, who are engaged in these activities. You could access, you've discussed earlier, the grants with the Department of Energy, plus these tax credits, which if I recall, I think they currently still are transferable, so that there's real tax benefits.
Then the third wrung, I know I said the word incentive, but the third wrung is the tariff wrung, where, and this even predated the current administration, where there are significant tariffs that have been imposed, or even before were scheduled to be imposed on China batteries and related material coming into the US. Is that fair to say, like these are the basket of current US policies in place to help significant manufacturing and production and help those processes along?
Danielle Spalding:
Absolutely. I think that we were never going to get away from talking about tariffs today, right? Because it's such a big headlines that keep going on. Overall, I think that we need to see tariffs that are happening. Really, they represent a strategic effort to help reshape the industry’s global landscape. Very much to your point is that promoting the domestic manufacturing across national security concerns, related supply chain dependencies that we have. When we look at the incentivization of domestic manufacturing, we know that there could be a potential for short term, increase cost to the broader public.
I think you're finding, even as recently, as today, that you have automotive manufacturers coming out to say, “We're not going to increase our prices. We're going to make sure that we keep steady.” I think what I saw this morning was, is it General Motors that they're going to take a 5 billion dollar hit, basically, to sure that they don't increase costs for consumers. Also, remember that these large organizations called Fortune 500, just for the fact of it, they've got long term strategies that understand that the geopolitical landscapes and the things like tariffs are always going to come in and out a little bit.
What we see is that tariffs can actually help the domestic manufacturing in the long term. That paired with the investment from IIJA, paired with the production tax credits, once the facilities are now up and running, because they were able to be funded, all of these are very much not just levers, but pillars. I think to the legs that we're standing on domestically, so we can create a strong and independent capability.
Dan Anziska:
To our battery storage client base, there are projects. It's understanding the role that Cirba and these types of businesses, the investments you're making, and that there is this effort to stand up, a domestic, a diversified domestic cutting-edge battery business. But it will take co-investment by the customer base, because right now there's been a lot of focus and reliance on China for the past decade. It's a leap of faith, but the fact that you're investing in it and you're helping to at least keep the supply chain domestic by reutilizing these resources, and it's obviously green. I'm not sure I'm allowed to use that word anymore. But it is green. It is good for the environment, which isn't a bad thing. I mean, isn't that so important, Danielle, that you guys are actually accomplishing this right now?
Danielle Spalding:
Yeah. I think that you hit on so many things in that. Let's just talk with the first thing you mentioned, which was investment. Cirba Solutions, by ourselves, we're investing well over 2 billion over the next few years to help increase the infrastructure domestically. The US battery storage industry plans to invest up to 100 billion by 2030, to ensure that they can develop a domestic supply chain for grid scale batteries. That's amazing.
I mean, we would not be having this conversation six years ago, right? I think that what we have found and with my time in the battery sector, I have seen this amazing transition of new market entries of really aiming to focus on a true competitiveness on a global scale, on recycled content. Because this is the other thing, I think people don't realize, but recycled content today plays a small percentage of what we find for your minerals. It's going to play a significant portion. Even in lithium supply, just by 2034, over 15% of the global supply will be met by secondary content, or recycled content. That number is well over a quarter by 2040.
The infrastructure has to be built today and it is one, available to you, and two, growing to help support your growth as a business when you keep investing overall. I feel like, there's so much we can talk about on that. As you can tell, I love to get into the details.
Dan Anziska:
Absolutely. What about, a couple of questions and feel free to say, no comment, Danielle.
Danielle Spalding:
Okay.
Coby Beck:
The first question that some clients are asking me about is your view of Department of Defense stockpile. Should there be a focus on these types of batteries, particularly grid scale batteries and Department of Defense getting more involved in the batteries, the components in the supply chain?
Danielle Spalding:
I think, the way I would really respond to that is batteries are part of our national security. Whether we're talking grid storage, whether we're talking for the defense needs, batteries and the critical minerals within side of them is absolutely something that should be a priority and something that we support ensuring is secured, so we are not controlled by other foreign entities of concern, or FEOCs during times of not just negotiations, but if anything were to come up, we need to be able to have resiliency of that supply.
Dan Anziska:
The second question is, if you were at a meeting right now with the administration, which no comment, you may be probably know later today, what would your main ask be, or what would you want them to understand in terms of planning the next four years in terms of the domestic battery industry?
Danielle Spalding:
I think that we have the same goals. We continue to focus, so we've been doing this for a few decades, but now more than ever, it is absolutely important that we demonstrate that we can have a domestic infrastructure that can provide significant percentage of content. It will increase jobs. It will provide our ability to reduce reliance on those FEOCs. It allows us to potentially become an exporter of refined critical minerals.
For us, we believe very much that, and we know that our position has not changed in this time, because the only thing that's really evolved is that we continue to expand. We've gone from one site to two sites to three sites, about to open up our seventh. We believe in thoughtful, strategic growth. Now, what we need is we have to continue to recognize the absolute importance of those critical minerals that exist that are already in the United States. Once the battery gets here, let's keep it here. We don't want to export it somewhere for someone else to extract. We want to get those materials out of it today.
We find ourselves to be a compliment to mining, because they get it, and it's our job to keep it above ground. Ensure that those materials can be reused and reused. We have over a 95% recycling recovery rate of critical minerals, such as lithium that comes out of the hydro process. That means those materials can basically be reused and reused and reused again, almost infinitely with very little loss. That's what's going to help us grow.
Coby Beck:
Dan, I think Danielle was very kind to you and not correcting it. It shouldn't be just four years. It should really be, that's the problem in the United States. We’re looking too short of spurts here.
Danielle Spalding:
To your point, you said 10 years with China. They've been doing this well over 15. They had a long-term strategy to be the power player of critical mineral supply chain long before it was a priority for other countries. It is something where we know that we can compete. We just have to make the commitment to do it.
Coby Beck:
I think, what's important is there have been these real commitments and nascent efforts, and it's to build upon that in a bipartisan way, because of all the strains we've discussed. What's important is there are these efforts. There have been these investments. There are the DOE grants and loans. There are companies like Cirba, and these aren't startups. I keep saying, the companies that we've worked with, a lot of them are 20-plus years old. They're experts. They've been doing this a long time. A lot of them started in lead acid, which is a mature industry. There's this. I think another problem is there's this misnomer that these are a bunch of Berkeley professors doing experiments. The opposite is true, right, Danielle?
Danielle Spalding:
Yeah. I would say, lithium-ion is an amazing, wonderful chemistry, but it's not going to be the end all be all chemistry. To your point, we've seen lead acid to then nickel metal hydride to now lithium-ion. There's going to be more chemistries that come out. One of the things from my perspective is that we're here to help support the batteries that are adopted into the market.
I myself, we help with R&D facilities. We help with understanding how something can be recycled. We know that batteries and advanced technology will continue to evolve, and it's our job to continue to evolve with it. You're absolutely right. There is a lot of these companies out there that are not new. I think it's a demonstration of resilience in the marketplace that you see that these companies that have been around are now growing even more. They've always been growing. They may not have been the loudest, but they're the largest. The experience that is behind them, like ourselves, is the demonstration that puts trust in the market for that growth to happen.
Dan Anziska:
Well stated. I would say, by the way, just getting back to the national security point, I wrote an article for Security Magazine in 2022 that talked about possibly the need for using storage for a strategic electricity reserve, as opposed to petroleum reserve. The strategic petroleum reserve is great. But as we move forward, and I think the related concept of stockpiles, of strategic minerals is an idea that's worth discussing. I just put that out there. Interesting discussion.
Coby Beck:
Right. No, there is already a stockpile that there is a DoD program right now, that they are entering into agreements, including with Canada and Australia and other nations in order to do that. The question is, do we expand? Do we expand trying to get batteries analogous to where chips are and viewed more directly as national security, right Danielle?
Danielle Spalding:
Mm-hmm.
Coby Beck:
Then, there are all these additional programs and benefits that a company like Cirba can access, because you're maintaining them in the domestic supply chain.
Danielle Spalding:
Yes. I'm going to be honest, I feel like, we could do an entire podcast just on this particular topic.
Coby Beck:
Right.
Dan Anziska:
Sure.
Danielle Spalding:
Yes. I think that from our perspective is that what you need is the resources. When you look at that from just that perspective, you need to make sure that it's coming from a diversified source. I don't just mean geographically, but we mean through Virgin Mind, through secondary, or recycled content. There are many ways to be able to get that. We are having so much more access to technology and refining capabilities and the infrastructure today that that's what's allowing then our ability to even have this conversation is the increase in all of those things. I feel like, you've got your next topic already at this point.
Dan Anziska:
I'm sure I'm speaking for Bill and Coby. We'd love to have you back maybe in six months, when maybe there's more in the national security and policy fraud to revisit some of these issues.
Danielle Spalding:
I think that there are so many things to constantly talk about and how the increasing impact to battery supply chains is happening, the changes in the geopolitical landscape, the policies that are coming out and then all the way from even how the automotive and energy storage industry is almost like overlap in certain ways. Lots of things to get into. Love to come back. But you guys have been a fantastic hosts and I really appreciate you having me.
Bill Derasmo:
Yeah. Thank you so much, Danielle. We really appreciate you spending time with us today.
Danielle Spalding:
Yeah, absolutely. Thank you.
Dan Anziska:
Thank you. again, for our clients, you can wrap up, Bill, but it's Cirba Solutions, very large battery recycling company, sulfate producer and cathode material producer that's in the US, keeping the domestic supply chain.
Coby Beck:
Danielle, thanks so much for being on the program. Really, this was a great conversation, and you had to deal with three of us jumping in, so you didn't know where the questions from, but you handled it definitely. Really a great conversation. Builds on some earlier episodes we've had, where were gotten into this issue of recycling and second life. This is really good. I learned a lot. One last thing, I guess, I would ask is for folks who want to do business, or interested in continuing the conversation with you, where should they go? Where should they find out more about your company?
Danielle Spalding:
Oh, well, I do love a good, shameless plug here. If you want to mind, please go to cirbasolutions.coma. C-I-R-B-A-solutions.com. You've got a lot of information, both about lithium-ion and many other battery chemistries, as well as how to recycle that. You can reach out to us and we'll be happy to answer any questions you might have. Thank you again, gentlemen. It's been a real privilege for me to be able to participate today.
Bill Derasmo:
Great. Thanks.
Danielle Spalding:
Thank you.
Copyright, Troutman Pepper Locke LLP. These recorded materials are designed for educational purposes only. This podcast is not legal advice and does not create an attorney-client relationship. The views and opinions expressed in this podcast are solely those of the individual participants. Troutman does not make any representations or warranties, express or implied, regarding the contents of this podcast. Information on previous case results does not guarantee a similar future result. Users of this podcast may save and use the podcast only for personal or other non-commercial, educational purposes. No other use, including, without limitation, reproduction, retransmission or editing of this podcast may be made without the prior written permission of Troutman Pepper Locke. If you have any questions, please contact us at troutman.com.